I Evolution of Endovascular Management
1 Intra-arterial Tissue Plasminogen Activator: The First Steps
2 Transcatheter MERCI Clot Retrieval: The Early Generation
3 Penumbra Clot Aspiration Technique: The Dark Days
4 Trevo Stent-Retriever Thrombectomy: Light on the Horizon
5 Solitaire Stent-Retriever Thrombectomy: Building the Evidence
II Case Selection
6 Timing in Stroke and the Tissue Clock
7 Role of Leptomeningeal Collaterals
8 Importance of Clot Burden and Clot Location
9 ASPECTS: When Not to Treat
10 Microbleeds Are Not a Contraindication to Thrombolysis in Acute Stroke
11 Stroke Etiologies: Hemodynamic, Embolic, and Perforator Stroke
12 Endovascular Therapy in a Patient with a Proximal MCA Occlusion and No Neurological Deficits
13 MRI in Stroke (Core Size, Mismatch, and New Advances)
III Fundaments and Standard Approaches
14 The Classical Setup: Carotid-T with Balloon
15 M1 Anatomy and Role of Perforators in Outcome
16 Basilar Artery Occlusion
17 ADAPT Technique for Acute Ischemic Stroke Thrombectomy
18 General Anesthesia in Thrombectomy
19 Conscious Sedation in Thrombectomy
20 Endovascular Therapy for Patients with an Isolated M2 Occlusion
IV Advanced Techniques
21 Percutaneous Radial Arterial Access for Thrombectomy
22 Percutaneous Transcarotid Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
23 Distal Access Catheter Technique without Balloon Assistance
V Complex Cases
24 Tandem Lesions
25 Pseudo-occlusion
26 Underlying Intracranial Stenosis
27 Intracranial Dissection
28 Hyperacute Extracranial Angioplasty and Stenting: When and How
29 Failed Mechanical Thrombectomy: What to Do Next
30 Rescue Permanent Stenting
31 Acute Dissection with Hemodynamic Infarctions
32 The SAVE Technique
33 Aspiration-Retriever Technique for Stroke (ARTS)
VI Complications
34 Clot Migration with Emboli to Distal Territories
35 Endothelial Damage
36 Management of Vessel Perforation during Stroke Intervention
37 Arterial Access Complications
38 Intraprocedural Vasospasm during Thrombectomy
39 Hemorrhagic Transformation after Endovascular Stroke Therapy
40 Endovascular Treatment of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
41 Endovascular Thrombectomy for Pediatric Acute Ischemic Stroke
VII Stroke Mimics and Rare Causes
42 Hemiplegic Migraine
43 Intra-arterial Contrast Injection during Computed Tomography Angiography
44 Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS)
45 Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome
46 Acute Ischemic Stroke Secondary to Cardiac Myxoma Embolus
47 Seizure
48 Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
49 Contrast Staining Masquerading as Hemorrhage
50 HaNDL
51 Appendix: Essential Terms, Trials, and Tools